/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.collect;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.SortedSet;

import javax.annotation.CheckReturnValue;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * An expanded {@code Iterable} API, providing functionality similar to Java 8's powerful <a href=
 * "https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/package-summary.html#package.description"
 * >streams library</a> in a slightly different way.
 *
 * <p>The following types of methods are provided:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>chaining methods which return a new {@code FluentIterable} based in some way on the contents
 *     of the current one (for example {@link #transform})
 * <li>element extraction methods which facilitate the retrieval of certain elements (for example
 *     {@link #last})
 * <li>query methods which answer questions about the {@code FluentIterable}'s contents (for example
 *     {@link #anyMatch})
 * <li>conversion methods which copy the {@code FluentIterable}'s contents into a new collection or
 *     array (for example {@link #toList})
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Several lesser-used features are currently available only as static methods on the {@link
 * Iterables} class.
 *
 * <a name="streams"></a>
 * <h3>Comparison to streams</h3>
 *
 * <p>Starting with Java 8, the core Java class libraries provide a new "Streams" library (in {@code
 * java.util.stream}), which is similar to {@code FluentIterable} but generally more powerful. Key
 * differences include:</b>
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>A stream is <i>single-use</i>; it becomes invalid as soon as any "terminal operation" such as
 *     {@code findFirst()} or {@code iterator()} is invoked. (Even though {@code Stream} contains
 *     all the right method <i>signatures</i> to implement {@link Iterable}, it does not actually
 *     do so, to avoid implying repeat-iterability.) {@code FluentIterable}, on the other hand, is
 *     multiple-use, and does implement {@link Iterable}.
 * <li>Streams offer many features not found here, including {@code min/max}, {@code
 *     distinct}, {@code reduce}, {@code sorted}, the very powerful {@code collect}, and built-in
 *     support for parallelizing stream operations.
 * <li>{@code FluentIterable} contains several features not available on {@code Stream}, which are
 *     noted in the method descriptions below.
 * <li>Streams include primitive-specialized variants such as {@code IntStream}, the use of which is
 *     strongly recommended.
 * <li>Streams are standard Java, not requiring a third-party dependency (but do render your code
 *     incompatible with Java 7 and earlier).
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h3>Example</h3>
 *
 * <p>Here is an example that accepts a list from a database call, filters it based on a predicate,
 * transforms it by invoking {@code toString()} on each element, and returns the first 10 elements
 * as a {@code List}: <pre>   {@code
 *
 *   List<String> results =
 *       FluentIterable.from(database.getClientList())
 *           .filter(activeInLastMonthPredicate)
 *           .transform(Functions.toStringFunction())
 *           .limit(10)
 *           .toList();}</pre>
 *
 * The approximate stream equivalent is: <pre>   {@code
 *
 *   List<String> results =
 *       database.getClientList()
 *           .stream()
 *           .filter(activeInLastMonthPredicate)
 *           .map(Functions.toStringFunction())
 *           .limit(10)
 *           .collect(Collectors.toList());}</pre>
 *
 * @author Marcin Mikosik
 * @since 12.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
public abstract class FluentIterable<E> implements Iterable<E> {
  // We store 'iterable' and use it instead of 'this' to allow Iterables to perform instanceof
  // checks on the _original_ iterable when FluentIterable.from is used.
  private final Iterable<E> iterable;

  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  protected FluentIterable() {
    this.iterable = this;
  }

  FluentIterable(Iterable<E> iterable) {
    this.iterable = checkNotNull(iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a fluent iterable that wraps {@code iterable}, or {@code iterable} itself if it
   * is already a {@code FluentIterable}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code iterable.stream()} if {@code iterable} is a
   * {@link Collection}; {@code StreamSupport.stream(iterable.spliterator(), false)} otherwise.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public static <E> FluentIterable<E> from(final Iterable<E> iterable) {
    return (iterable instanceof FluentIterable)
        ? (FluentIterable<E>) iterable
        : new FluentIterable<E>(iterable) {
          @Override
          public Iterator<E> iterator() {
            return iterable.iterator();
          }
        };
  }

  /**
   * Construct a fluent iterable from another fluent iterable. This is obviously never necessary,
   * but is intended to help call out cases where one migration from {@code Iterable} to
   * {@code FluentIterable} has obviated the need to explicitly convert to a {@code FluentIterable}.
   *
   * @deprecated instances of {@code FluentIterable} don't need to be converted to
   *     {@code FluentIterable}
   */
  @Deprecated
  @CheckReturnValue
  public static <E> FluentIterable<E> from(FluentIterable<E> iterable) {
    return checkNotNull(iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a fluent iterable containing {@code elements} in the specified order.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code Stream.of(elements)} or {@code
   * Arrays.stream(elements)}.
   *
   * @since 18.0
   */
  @Beta
  @CheckReturnValue
  public static <E> FluentIterable<E> of(E[] elements) {
    return from(Lists.newArrayList(elements));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string representation of this fluent iterable, with the format
   * {@code [e1, e2, ..., en]}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "[", "]"))}
   * or (less efficiently) {@code collect(Collectors.toList()).toString()}.
   */
  @Override
  @CheckReturnValue
  public String toString() {
    return Iterables.toString(iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of elements in this fluent iterable.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.count()}.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final int size() {
    return Iterables.size(iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if this fluent iterable contains any object for which
   * {@code equals(target)} is true.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.anyMatch(Predicate.isEqual(target))}.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final boolean contains(@Nullable Object target) {
    return Iterables.contains(iterable, target);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a fluent iterable whose {@code Iterator} cycles indefinitely over the elements of
   * this fluent iterable.
   *
   * <p>That iterator supports {@code remove()} if {@code iterable.iterator()} does. After
   * {@code remove()} is called, subsequent cycles omit the removed element, which is no longer in
   * this fluent iterable. The iterator's {@code hasNext()} method returns {@code true} until
   * this fluent iterable is empty.
   *
   * <p><b>Warning:</b> Typical uses of the resulting iterator may produce an infinite loop. You
   * should use an explicit {@code break} or be certain that you will eventually remove all the
   * elements.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> if the source iterable has only a single element {@code
   * element}, use {@code Stream.generate(() -> element)}. Otherwise, if the source iterable has
   * a {@code stream} method (for example, if it is a {@link Collection}), use
   * {@code Stream.generate(iterable::stream).flatMap(s -> s)}.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final FluentIterable<E> cycle() {
    return from(Iterables.cycle(iterable));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a fluent iterable whose iterators traverse first the elements of this fluent iterable,
   * followed by those of {@code other}. The iterators are not polled until necessary.
   *
   * <p>The returned iterable's {@code Iterator} supports {@code remove()} when the corresponding
   * {@code Iterator} supports it.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code Stream.concat(thisStream, otherStream)}.
   *
   * @since 18.0
   */
  @Beta
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final FluentIterable<E> append(Iterable<? extends E> other) {
    return from(Iterables.concat(iterable, other));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a fluent iterable whose iterators traverse first the elements of this fluent iterable,
   * followed by {@code elements}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code Stream.concat(thisStream, Stream.of(elements))}.
   *
   * @since 18.0
   */
  @Beta
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final FluentIterable<E> append(E... elements) {
    return from(Iterables.concat(iterable, Arrays.asList(elements)));
  }

  /**
   * Returns the elements from this fluent iterable that satisfy a predicate. The
   * resulting fluent iterable's iterator does not support {@code remove()}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.filter(predicate)} (same).
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final FluentIterable<E> filter(Predicate<? super E> predicate) {
    return from(Iterables.filter(iterable, predicate));
  }

  /**
   * Returns the elements from this fluent iterable that are instances of class {@code type}.
   *
   * @param type the type of elements desired
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> <pre>   {@code
   *
   *   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe by runtime check
   *   Stream<T> result = (Stream) stream.filter(type::isInstance);}</pre>
   *
   * ... or if {@code type} is a class literal {@code MyType.class}, <pre>   {@code
   *
   *   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe by runtime check
   *   Stream<MyType> result = (Stream) stream.filter(e -> e instanceof MyType);}</pre>
   */
  @GwtIncompatible("Class.isInstance")
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final <T> FluentIterable<T> filter(Class<T> type) {
    return from(Iterables.filter(iterable, type));
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if any element in this fluent iterable satisfies the predicate.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.anyMatch(predicate)} (same).
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final boolean anyMatch(Predicate<? super E> predicate) {
    return Iterables.any(iterable, predicate);
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if every element in this fluent iterable satisfies the predicate.
   * If this fluent iterable is empty, {@code true} is returned.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.allMatch(predicate)} (same).
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final boolean allMatch(Predicate<? super E> predicate) {
    return Iterables.all(iterable, predicate);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@link Optional} containing the first element in this fluent iterable that
   * satisfies the given predicate, if such an element exists.
   *
   * <p><b>Warning:</b> avoid using a {@code predicate} that matches {@code null}. If {@code null}
   * is matched in this fluent iterable, a {@link NullPointerException} will be thrown.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.filter(predicate).findFirst()}.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final Optional<E> firstMatch(Predicate<? super E> predicate) {
    return Iterables.tryFind(iterable, predicate);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a fluent iterable that applies {@code function} to each element of this
   * fluent iterable.
   *
   * <p>The returned fluent iterable's iterator supports {@code remove()} if this iterable's
   * iterator does. After a successful {@code remove()} call, this fluent iterable no longer
   * contains the corresponding element.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.map(function)}.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final <T> FluentIterable<T> transform(Function<? super E, T> function) {
    return from(Iterables.transform(iterable, function));
  }

  /**
   * Applies {@code function} to each element of this fluent iterable and returns
   * a fluent iterable with the concatenated combination of results.  {@code function}
   * returns an Iterable of results.
   *
   * <p>The returned fluent iterable's iterator supports {@code remove()} if this
   * function-returned iterables' iterator does. After a successful {@code remove()} call,
   * the returned fluent iterable no longer contains the corresponding element.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.flatMap(function)} (using a function that
   * produces streams, not iterables).
   *
   * @since 13.0 (required {@code Function<E, Iterable<T>>} until 14.0)
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public <T> FluentIterable<T> transformAndConcat(
      Function<? super E, ? extends Iterable<? extends T>> function) {
    return from(Iterables.concat(transform(function)));
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@link Optional} containing the first element in this fluent iterable.
   * If the iterable is empty, {@code Optional.absent()} is returned.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> if the goal is to obtain any element, {@code
   * stream.findAny()}; if it must specifically be the <i>first</i> element, {@code
   * stream.findFirst()}.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if the first element is null; if this is a possibility, use
   *     {@code iterator().next()} or {@link Iterables#getFirst} instead.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final Optional<E> first() {
    Iterator<E> iterator = iterable.iterator();
    return iterator.hasNext() ? Optional.of(iterator.next()) : Optional.<E>absent();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@link Optional} containing the last element in this fluent iterable.
   * If the iterable is empty, {@code Optional.absent()} is returned.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.reduce((a, b) -> b)}.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if the last element is null; if this is a possibility, use
   *     {@link Iterables#getLast} instead.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final Optional<E> last() {
    // Iterables#getLast was inlined here so we don't have to throw/catch a NSEE

    // TODO(kevinb): Support a concurrently modified collection?
    if (iterable instanceof List) {
      List<E> list = (List<E>) iterable;
      if (list.isEmpty()) {
        return Optional.absent();
      }
      return Optional.of(list.get(list.size() - 1));
    }
    Iterator<E> iterator = iterable.iterator();
    if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
      return Optional.absent();
    }

    /*
     * TODO(kevinb): consider whether this "optimization" is worthwhile. Users
     * with SortedSets tend to know they are SortedSets and probably would not
     * call this method.
     */
    if (iterable instanceof SortedSet) {
      SortedSet<E> sortedSet = (SortedSet<E>) iterable;
      return Optional.of(sortedSet.last());
    }

    while (true) {
      E current = iterator.next();
      if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
        return Optional.of(current);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a view of this fluent iterable that skips its first {@code numberToSkip}
   * elements. If this fluent iterable contains fewer than {@code numberToSkip} elements,
   * the returned fluent iterable skips all of its elements.
   *
   * <p>Modifications to this fluent iterable before a call to {@code iterator()} are
   * reflected in the returned fluent iterable. That is, the its iterator skips the first
   * {@code numberToSkip} elements that exist when the iterator is created, not when {@code skip()}
   * is called.
   *
   * <p>The returned fluent iterable's iterator supports {@code remove()} if the
   * {@code Iterator} of this fluent iterable supports it. Note that it is <i>not</i>
   * possible to delete the last skipped element by immediately calling {@code remove()} on the
   * returned fluent iterable's iterator, as the {@code Iterator} contract states that a call
   * to {@code * remove()} before a call to {@code next()} will throw an
   * {@link IllegalStateException}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.skip(numberToSkip)} (same).
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final FluentIterable<E> skip(int numberToSkip) {
    return from(Iterables.skip(iterable, numberToSkip));
  }

  /**
   * Creates a fluent iterable with the first {@code size} elements of this
   * fluent iterable. If this fluent iterable does not contain that many elements,
   * the returned fluent iterable will have the same behavior as this fluent iterable.
   * The returned fluent iterable's iterator supports {@code remove()} if this
   * fluent iterable's iterator does.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.limit(maxSize)} (same).
   *
   * @param maxSize the maximum number of elements in the returned fluent iterable
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is negative
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final FluentIterable<E> limit(int maxSize) {
    return from(Iterables.limit(iterable, maxSize));
  }

  /**
   * Determines whether this fluent iterable is empty.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code !stream.findAny().isPresent()}.
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final boolean isEmpty() {
    return !iterable.iterator().hasNext();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code ImmutableList} containing all of the elements from this fluent iterable in
   * proper sequence.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code ImmutableList.copyOf(stream.iterator())}.
   *
   * @since 14.0 (since 12.0 as {@code toImmutableList()}).
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final ImmutableList<E> toList() {
    return ImmutableList.copyOf(iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code ImmutableList} containing all of the elements from this {@code
   * FluentIterable} in the order specified by {@code comparator}.  To produce an {@code
   * ImmutableList} sorted by its natural ordering, use {@code toSortedList(Ordering.natural())}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b>
   * {@code ImmutableList.copyOf(stream.sorted(comparator).iterator())}.
   *
   * @param comparator the function by which to sort list elements
   * @throws NullPointerException if any element is null
   * @since 14.0 (since 13.0 as {@code toSortedImmutableList()}).
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final ImmutableList<E> toSortedList(Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
    return Ordering.from(comparator).immutableSortedCopy(iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code ImmutableSet} containing all of the elements from this fluent iterable with
   * duplicates removed.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code ImmutableSet.copyOf(stream.iterator())}.
   *
   * @since 14.0 (since 12.0 as {@code toImmutableSet()}).
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final ImmutableSet<E> toSet() {
    return ImmutableSet.copyOf(iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code ImmutableSortedSet} containing all of the elements from this {@code
   * FluentIterable} in the order specified by {@code comparator}, with duplicates (determined by
   * {@code comparator.compare(x, y) == 0}) removed. To produce an {@code ImmutableSortedSet} sorted
   * by its natural ordering, use {@code toSortedSet(Ordering.natural())}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b>
   * {@code ImmutableSortedSet.copyOf(comparator, stream.iterator())}.
   *
   * @param comparator the function by which to sort set elements
   * @throws NullPointerException if any element is null
   * @since 14.0 (since 12.0 as {@code toImmutableSortedSet()}).
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final ImmutableSortedSet<E> toSortedSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
    return ImmutableSortedSet.copyOf(comparator, iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code ImmutableMultiset} containing all of the elements from this fluent iterable.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code ImmutableMultiset.copyOf(stream.iterator())}.
   *
   * @since 19.0
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final ImmutableMultiset<E> toMultiset() {
    return ImmutableMultiset.copyOf(iterable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable map whose keys are the distinct elements of this {@code FluentIterable}
   * and whose value for each key was computed by {@code valueFunction}. The map's iteration order
   * is the order of the first appearance of each key in this iterable.
   *
   * <p>When there are multiple instances of a key in this iterable, it is unspecified whether
   * {@code valueFunction} will be applied to more than one instance of that key and, if it is,
   * which result will be mapped to that key in the returned map.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code
   * ImmutableMap.copyOf(stream.collect(Collectors.toMap(k -> k, valueFunction)))} (but note that
   * this may not preserve the order of entries).
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any element of this iterable is {@code null}, or if {@code
   *     valueFunction} produces {@code null} for any key
   * @since 14.0
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final <V> ImmutableMap<E, V> toMap(Function<? super E, V> valueFunction) {
    return Maps.toMap(iterable, valueFunction);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an index {@code ImmutableListMultimap} that contains the results of applying a
   * specified function to each item in this {@code FluentIterable} of values. Each element of this
   * iterable will be stored as a value in the resulting multimap, yielding a multimap with the same
   * size as this iterable. The key used to store that value in the multimap will be the result of
   * calling the function on that value. The resulting multimap is created as an immutable snapshot.
   * In the returned multimap, keys appear in the order they are first encountered, and the values
   * corresponding to each key appear in the same order as they are encountered.
   *
   * @param keyFunction the function used to produce the key for each value
   * @throws NullPointerException if any of the following cases is true:
   *     <ul>
   *       <li>{@code keyFunction} is null
   *       <li>An element in this fluent iterable is null
   *       <li>{@code keyFunction} returns {@code null} for any element of this iterable
   *     </ul>
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(keyFunction))}
   * behaves similarly, but returns a mutable {@code Map<K, List<E>>} instead, and may not preserve
   * the order of entries).
   *
   * @since 14.0
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final <K> ImmutableListMultimap<K, E> index(Function<? super E, K> keyFunction) {
    return Multimaps.index(iterable, keyFunction);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a map with the contents of this {@code FluentIterable} as its {@code values}, indexed
   * by keys derived from those values. In other words, each input value produces an entry in the
   * map whose key is the result of applying {@code keyFunction} to that value. These entries appear
   * in the same order as they appeared in this fluent iterable. Example usage:
   * <pre>   {@code
   *
   *   Color red = new Color("red", 255, 0, 0);
   *   ...
   *   FluentIterable<Color> allColors = FluentIterable.from(ImmutableSet.of(red, green, blue));
   *
   *   Map<String, Color> colorForName = allColors.uniqueIndex(toStringFunction());
   *   assertThat(colorForName).containsEntry("red", red);}</pre>
   *
   * <p>If your index may associate multiple values with each key, use {@link #index(Function)
   * index}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code
   * ImmutableMap.copyOf(stream.collect(Collectors.toMap(keyFunction, v -> v)))} (but note that this
   * may not preserve the order of entries).
   *
   * @param keyFunction the function used to produce the key for each value
   * @return a map mapping the result of evaluating the function {@code
   *     keyFunction} on each value in this fluent iterable to that value
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code keyFunction} produces the same
   *     key for more than one value in this fluent iterable
   * @throws NullPointerException if any elements of this fluent iterable is null, or
   *     if {@code keyFunction} produces {@code null} for any value
   * @since 14.0
   */
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final <K> ImmutableMap<K, E> uniqueIndex(Function<? super E, K> keyFunction) {
    return Maps.uniqueIndex(iterable, keyFunction);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an array containing all of the elements from this fluent iterable in iteration order.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> if an object array is acceptable, use
   * {@code stream.toArray()}; if {@code type} is a class literal such as {@code MyType.class}, use
   * {@code stream.toArray(MyType[]::new)}. Otherwise use {@code stream.toArray(
   * len -> (E[]) Array.newInstance(type, len))}.
   *
   * @param type the type of the elements
   * @return a newly-allocated array into which all the elements of this fluent iterable have
   *     been copied
   */
  @GwtIncompatible("Array.newArray(Class, int)")
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final E[] toArray(Class<E> type) {
    return Iterables.toArray(iterable, type);
  }

  /**
   * Copies all the elements from this fluent iterable to {@code collection}. This is equivalent to
   * calling {@code Iterables.addAll(collection, this)}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.forEachOrdered(collection::add)} or
   * {@code stream.forEach(collection::add)}.
   *
   * @param collection the collection to copy elements to
   * @return {@code collection}, for convenience
   * @since 14.0
   */
  public final <C extends Collection<? super E>> C copyInto(C collection) {
    checkNotNull(collection);
    if (iterable instanceof Collection) {
      collection.addAll(Collections2.cast(iterable));
    } else {
      for (E item : iterable) {
        collection.add(item);
      }
    }
    return collection;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@link String} containing all of the elements of this fluent iterable joined with
   * {@code joiner}.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code joiner.join(stream.iterator())}, or, if you are not
   * using any optional {@code Joiner} features,
   * {@code stream.collect(Collectors.joining(delimiter)}.
   *
   * @since 18.0
   */
  @Beta
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final String join(Joiner joiner) {
    return joiner.join(this);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the element at the specified position in this fluent iterable.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.skip(position).findFirst().get()} (but note
   * that this throws different exception types, and throws an exception if {@code null} would be
   * returned).
   *
   * @param position position of the element to return
   * @return the element at the specified position in this fluent iterable
   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code position} is negative or greater than or equal to
   *     the size of this fluent iterable
   */
  // TODO(kevinb): add @Nullable?
  @CheckReturnValue
  public final E get(int position) {
    return Iterables.get(iterable, position);
  }

  /**
   * Function that transforms {@code Iterable<E>} into a fluent iterable.
   */
  private static class FromIterableFunction<E> implements Function<Iterable<E>, FluentIterable<E>> {
    @Override
    public FluentIterable<E> apply(Iterable<E> fromObject) {
      return FluentIterable.from(fromObject);
    }
  }
}