练习:二叉树
二元树是一种树型数据结构,其中每个节点都有两个子节点(左侧和右侧)。我们将创建一个树状结构,其中每个节点存储一个值。对于给定的节点 N,N 的左侧子树中的所有节点都包含较小的值,而 N 的右侧子树中的所有节点都将包含较大的值。
实现以下类型,以便通过指定的测试。
额外提示:对按顺序返回值的二元树实现迭代器。
/// A node in the binary tree. #[derive(Debug)] struct Node<T: Ord> { value: T, left: Subtree<T>, right: Subtree<T>, } /// A possibly-empty subtree. #[derive(Debug)] struct Subtree<T: Ord>(Option<Box<Node<T>>>); /// A container storing a set of values, using a binary tree. /// /// If the same value is added multiple times, it is only stored once. #[derive(Debug)] pub struct BinaryTree<T: Ord> { root: Subtree<T>, } // Implement `new`, `insert`, `len`, and `has`. #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn len() { let mut tree = BinaryTree::new(); assert_eq!(tree.len(), 0); tree.insert(2); assert_eq!(tree.len(), 1); tree.insert(1); assert_eq!(tree.len(), 2); tree.insert(2); // not a unique item assert_eq!(tree.len(), 2); } #[test] fn has() { let mut tree = BinaryTree::new(); fn check_has(tree: &BinaryTree<i32>, exp: &[bool]) { let got: Vec<bool> = (0..exp.len()).map(|i| tree.has(&(i as i32))).collect(); assert_eq!(&got, exp); } check_has(&tree, &[false, false, false, false, false]); tree.insert(0); check_has(&tree, &[true, false, false, false, false]); tree.insert(4); check_has(&tree, &[true, false, false, false, true]); tree.insert(4); check_has(&tree, &[true, false, false, false, true]); tree.insert(3); check_has(&tree, &[true, false, false, true, true]); } #[test] fn unbalanced() { let mut tree = BinaryTree::new(); for i in 0..100 { tree.insert(i); } assert_eq!(tree.len(), 100); assert!(tree.has(&50)); } }