原始 MMIO

大多數微控制器會透過記憶體對映 IO 存取周邊裝置。請嘗試在 micro:bit 上開啟 LED：

#![no_main]
#![no_std]

extern crate panic_halt as _;

mod interrupts;

use core::mem::size_of;
use cortex_m_rt::entry;

/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address
const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;

// GPIO peripheral offsets
const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;
const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;
const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;

// PIN_CNF fields
const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;
const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;
const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;
const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;
const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;

#[entry]
fn main() -> ! {
    // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.
    let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut u32;
    let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut u32;
    // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and
    // no aliases exist.
    unsafe {
        pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(
            DIR_OUTPUT
                | INPUT_DISCONNECT
                | PULL_DISABLED
                | DRIVE_S0S1
                | SENSE_DISABLED,
        );
        pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(
            DIR_OUTPUT
                | INPUT_DISCONNECT
                | PULL_DISABLED
                | DRIVE_S0S1
                | SENSE_DISABLED,
        );
    }

    // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.
    let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;
    let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;
    // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and
    // no aliases exist.
    unsafe {
        gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);
        gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);
    }

    loop {}
}

cargo embed --bin mmio