泛型函数

Rust supports generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data structures (such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored.

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  • Rust 会根据参数类型和返回值推理出 T 的类型。

  • 这与 C++ 模板类似，但 Rust 会立即编译部分通用函数，因此该函数必须对所有符合约束条件的类型都有效。例如，请尝试修改 pick 函数，如果 n == 0，则返回 even + odd。即使仅使用带有整数的“pick”实例化，Rust 仍会将其视为无效。C++ 可让您做到这一点。

  • Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites. This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction.