GoogleTest

The GoogleTest crate allows for flexible test assertions using matchers:

use googletest::prelude::*;

#[googletest::test]
fn test_elements_are() {
    let value = vec!["foo", "bar", "baz"];
    expect_that!(value, elements_are!(eq("foo"), lt("xyz"), starts_with("b")));
}

如果我们将最后一个元素更改为 "!"，测试将失败，并会提供详细的错误消息来指出错误的位置：

---- test_elements_are stdout ----
Value of: value
Expected: has elements:
  0. is equal to "foo"
  1. is less than "xyz"
  2. starts with prefix "!"
Actual: ["foo", "bar", "baz"],
  where element #2 is "baz", which does not start with "!"
  at src/testing/googletest.rs:6:5
Error: See failure output above
This slide should take about 5 minutes.

  • GoogleTest 不是 Rust Playground 的一部分，因此您需要在本地环境中运行此示例。使用 cargo add googletest 快速将其添加到现有 Cargo 项目中。

  • use googletest::prelude::*; 行会导入一些 常用的宏和类型。

  • 这只是冰山一角，还有很多内置匹配器。

  • 有一个特别实用的功能是，多行字符串中的不匹配问题会以差异的形式显示出来：

#[test]
fn test_multiline_string_diff() {
    let haiku = "Memory safety found,\n\
                 Rust's strong typing guides the way,\n\
                 Secure code you'll write.";
    assert_that!(
        haiku,
        eq("Memory safety found,\n\
            Rust's silly humor guides the way,\n\
            Secure code you'll write.")
    );
}

显示用颜色标识的差异（此处未显示颜色）：

    Value of: haiku
Expected: is equal to "Memory safety found,\nRust's silly humor guides the way,\nSecure code you'll write."
Actual: "Memory safety found,\nRust's strong typing guides the way,\nSecure code you'll write.",
  which isn't equal to "Memory safety found,\nRust's silly humor guides the way,\nSecure code you'll write."
Difference(-actual / +expected):
 Memory safety found,
-Rust's strong typing guides the way,
+Rust's silly humor guides the way,
 Secure code you'll write.
  at src/testing/googletest.rs:17:5