練習:二元樹
二元樹是一種樹狀資料結構,其中每個節點都有左右兩個子節點。我們會建立每個節點都儲存一個值的樹狀結構。以指定節點 N 來說,N 左側子樹狀結構中的所有節點都包含較小的值,而 N 右側子樹狀結構中的所有節點都含有較大的值。
請實作以下型別,讓指定的測試通過。
加分題:在二元數上實作疊代器,依序傳回值。
/// A node in the binary tree.
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Node<T: Ord> {
value: T,
left: Subtree<T>,
right: Subtree<T>,
}
/// A possibly-empty subtree.
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Subtree<T: Ord>(Option<Box<Node<T>>>);
/// A container storing a set of values, using a binary tree.
///
/// If the same value is added multiple times, it is only stored once.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct BinaryTree<T: Ord> {
root: Subtree<T>,
}
// Implement `new`, `insert`, `len`, and `has`.
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn len() {
let mut tree = BinaryTree::new();
assert_eq!(tree.len(), 0);
tree.insert(2);
assert_eq!(tree.len(), 1);
tree.insert(1);
assert_eq!(tree.len(), 2);
tree.insert(2); // not a unique item
assert_eq!(tree.len(), 2);
}
#[test]
fn has() {
let mut tree = BinaryTree::new();
fn check_has(tree: &BinaryTree<i32>, exp: &[bool]) {
let got: Vec<bool> =
(0..exp.len()).map(|i| tree.has(&(i as i32))).collect();
assert_eq!(&got, exp);
}
check_has(&tree, &[false, false, false, false, false]);
tree.insert(0);
check_has(&tree, &[true, false, false, false, false]);
tree.insert(4);
check_has(&tree, &[true, false, false, false, true]);
tree.insert(4);
check_has(&tree, &[true, false, false, false, true]);
tree.insert(3);
check_has(&tree, &[true, false, false, true, true]);
}
#[test]
fn unbalanced() {
let mut tree = BinaryTree::new();
for i in 0..100 {
tree.insert(i);
}
assert_eq!(tree.len(), 100);
assert!(tree.has(&50));
}
}